References

Baines, M.E. 1993. Marine mammal monitoring during seismic exploration. West Wales Marine Mammal Monitoring Group. A preliminary report Dyfed Wildlife Trust

Bass, M. 1986. Sniffing Gasoline. J. Am. Medical. Ass. 255(19):2604-2605.

Benjaminsen, T and Christensen, I 1979. The Natural History of the Bottlenose Whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus. In: Winn, HE. and Olla, BL (eds). Behaviour of Marine Animals. Vol. 3 Cetaceans. Plenum Press, New York. 438 pp 143-164.

Berrow, S. Evans, P. and Sheldrick, M. 1993. An analysis of sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus, stranding and sighting records, from Britain and Ireland. Journal of the Zoological Society of London 230:333-337

Bjorge, A and Oien, N. 1990. Distribution and abundance of harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, in Norwegian waters. Paper to the Scientific Committee of the Int. Whal. Commn. SC/42/SM3 11pp.

Bloch, D., Desportes, G., Petersen, A., and Sigurjonsson, J. 1996. Strandings of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) in Iceland and the Faroe Islands and sightings in the Northeast Atlantic north of 500N latitude. Marine Mammal Science 12(1):125-132.

Bloch, D., Desportes, G., Mouritsen, R., Skaaning, S., and Stephansson, E. 1993. An introduction to studies of the ecology and status of the long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) off the Faroe Islands, 1986-88. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. Special Issue 14:1-32.

Bloch, D and Lockyer, C. 1988. Killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Faroese waters. Rit Fiskideildar 11:55-64.

Bloor, PD, Reid, JB, Webb, A. Begg, G and tasker, MC 1996. The distribution of seabirds and cetaceans between the Shetland and Faroe Islands. JNCC Report No. 226. 140 pp.

Bohne, BA., Thomas, JA., Yohe, ER., Stone., 1985 Examination of potential hearing damage in Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes weddelli) in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Antarctic Journal of the US. 20:174-176.

Bohne, BA, Bozzay, DG and Thomas, JA 1986. Evaluation of inner ear pathology in Weddell Seals. Antarctic Journal of the US 21:208.

Bowles, A., Smultea, M., Wursig, B., DeMaster, D.P. and Palka, D. 1994. Relative abundance and behavior of marine mammals exposed to transmissions from the Heard Island Feasibility test. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96(4):2469-2484.

Brown, S. 1976. Modern whaling in Britain and the north-east Atlantic Ocean. Mammal Review 6:25-36.

Brown. 1986. 20th Century records of right whales in NE Atlantic ocean. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn., Special Issue 10:121-127.

Bryant, PJ. Lafferty, CM., and Lafferty, SK. 1984. Reoccupation of Laguna Guerrero Negro, Baja California, Mexico, by gray whales. In: Jones, ML. et al. Eds. The Gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus. Academic Press, Orlando FLA.

Buckland, ST., Cattanach, KL., and Gunnlaugsson, Th. 1992. Fin whale abundance in the north Atlantic, estimate from Icelandic and Faroese NASS-87 and NASS-89 data. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. 42:645-651.

Buckland, ST., Bloch, D., Cattanach, KL., Gunnlaugsson, Th., Hoydal, K., Lens., S. and Sigurjonsson, J. 1993. Distribution and abundance of long-finned pilot whales in the North Atlantic, estimated from NASS-87 and NASS-89 data. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. Special issue 14:33-50.

Caldwell, MC and Caldwell DK.. 1982. A study of the effects of oil ingestion on a bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. In: Study of the effects of oil on cetaceans. Geraci, JR and St. Aubin, DJ, eds. Final Report, Contract No. AA551-CT9-29, pp224-237. US Dept. Interior, Washington DC

Capuzzo, JM 1987. Biological effects of petroleum hydrocarbons: assessment from experimental results. In: Long Term Environmental Effects of Offshore Oil and Gas Development. Eds. Boesch, DF. and Rabalais, NN. Elsevier Applied Science. NY.

Carpenter, CP., Geary, DL., Myers, RC., Nachreiner, DJ., Sullivan., LJ., and King, JM 1977. Petroleum hydrocarbon toxicity studies. XIV Animal and human response to vapour of high aromatic solvent. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 41(2):235-249.

Cattanach, KL., Sigurjonsson, J., Buckland, ST and Gunnlaugsson Th. 1993. Sei whale abundance in the North Atlantic, estimate from NASS-87 and NASS-89 data. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. 43:315-321.

Cawthorn, MW 1992. New Zealand. Progress report on cetacean research, April 1990-April 1991. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn 42:357-360.

Christensen, I., Haug, T. and Oien, N. 1992. Seasonal distribution exploitation and present abundance of stocks of large baleen whales and sperm whales in Norwegian and adjacent waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science 49:341-355

Clarke, MR and Pascoe, PL., 1985. The stomach contents of a Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) stranded at Thurlestone, South Devon, England. Journal of the Marine Biol. Ass. UK 65(3):663-666.

Davies, G 1995. Disposal of Whales causes Island problems. Marine Pollution Bulletin 30 (3):177.

Desportes, G and Mouritsen, R. 1993. Preliminary results on the diet of long-finned pilot whales off the Faroe Islands. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. Special Issue 14:305-324

Edds, PL. and Macfarlane, JAF. 1987. Occurrence and general behavior of balaenopterid cetaceans summering in the St. Lawrence estuary, Canada. Can. J. Zool. 65:1363-1376.

EPA 1974. Information on levels of environmental noise required to protect public health and welfare with an adequate margin of safety. NTIS PB 239 429.

Evans, AE., and Buckley, TE 1899. A vertebrate fauna of the Shetland Islands. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.

Evans, PGH. 1976. An analysis of sightings of cetacea in British waters. Mammal Review 6(1):5-14.

Evans, PGH. 1980. Cetaceans in British Waters. Mammal Review 10:1-46.

Evans, PGH 1981. (ed). Whale and Seabird cruise NE Atlantic, summer 1980. Report to the Mammal Society and the Seabird Group. London UK 40 pp.

Evans, PGH. 1987. The Natural History of Whales and Dolphins. Academic Press.

Evans, PGH. 1988. Killer whales (Orcinus orca) in British and Irish waters. Rit Fiskideildar 11:42-54.

Evans, PGH. 1990. European cetaceans and seabirds in an oceanographic context. Lutra 33(2):95-125.

Evans, PGH. 1992. Status review of Cetaceans in British and Irish waters. UK Mammal Society, Oxford.

Evans, PGH. 1995. Report on Project Identifying Areas of Summer Concentrations for Cetaceans in the Shetland Isles. Sea Watch Foundation, Oxford, UK

Evans, PGH., Harding, S., Tyler, G., and Hall, S. 1986. Analysis of cetacean sightings in the British Isles, 1958-1985. Report to the Nature Conservancy Council.

Evans, PGH and Scanlan, G. 1989. Historical Review of Cetaceans in British and Irish waters. A report to Greenpeace Environmental Trust. 95pp.

Evans, PGH., Swann, C., Lewis, E., Parsons, E, Heimlich-Boran, J. and Heimlich-Boran, S 1993. Survey of cetaceans in the Minches and Sea of Hebrides, NW Scotland. European Research on Cetaceans 7:111.

Evans, PGH., Lewis, E., Parsons, E., and Swann, C. 1993. A survey of whales and dolphins in Hebridean waters. Sea Watch Foundation, Oxford 11p.

Evans, PGH. and Nice, H. 1996? Review of the effects of underwater sound generated by seismic surveys on cetaceans. Sea Watch Foundation, Oxford.

Faucher, A. and Whitehead, H. 1991. The bottlenose whales of 'The Gully'. Final Report for 1988-91 project to WWF Canada. Toronto.

Fletcher, JL. 1971. In: The effects of noise on wildlife. Eds. Fletcher, JL and Busnel, RG. Academic Press, New York. 305pp.

Fraser, FC. 1934. Reports on Cetaceans stranded on the British coasts. 11 British museum (Natural History) London.

Geraci, JR. 1990. Physiologic and Toxic Effects on Cetaceans. Chap. 6 In: Sea Mammals and Oil: Confronting the Risks. Ed. Geraci, JR and St. Aubin, D. Academic Press. 261pp.

Geraci and St Aubin 1980. Offshore petroleum resource development and marine mammals: a review and research recommendations. Mar. Fish Rev. 42(11):1-2.

Geraci, JR and St. Aubin. D. 1987. Effects of offshore oil and gas development on marine mammals and turtles. Chap. 12 In: Long-term environmental effects of oil and gas developments. Ed. Boesch, DF and Rabalais, NN. Elsevier Applied Science.

Geraci,JR and St. Aubin, DJ. 1990. Sea Mammals and Oil: Confronting the Risks. Academic Press. 261pp.

Geraci, JR, St. Aubin, DJ and Reisman, RJ 1983. Bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, can detect oil. Can J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 40(9):1515-1522.

Gill, A and Atkinson, T. 1996 Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) in the coastal waters of the Eye Peninsula, Isle of Lewis, Scotland. Report to the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society.

Goold, J. 1996. Acoustic assessment of populations of common dolphin, Delphinus delphis, in conjunction with seismic surveying. J. Mar. biol. Ass. UK. 76:811-820.

Gordon, J and Moscrop, A. 1996. Underwater Noise Pollution and its Significance for Whales and Dolphins. Chap. 11, In: The Conservation of Whales and Dolphins. Science and Practice. Ed. M Simmonds and J Hutchinson. Wiley.

Gordon, J., Leaper, R., Hartley, FG., and Chappell., 1992. Effects of whale-watching vessels on the surface and underwater acoustic behaviour of sperm whales off Kaikoura, New Zealand. Dept. Conservation Science and Research Series No. 52.

Gunnlaugsson, Th., and Sigurjonsson, J. 1990. NASS-87 Estimation of abundance of large cetaceans from observations made on board Icelandic and Faroese survey vessels. Rep. Int. Whal Commn. 40:571-580.

Haldane, R.C. 1908. Whaling in Scotland for 1907. Annals of Scottish Natural History No. 66. April Pg.65-72

Hammond, P and Lockyer, C. 1988 Distribution of killer whales in the eastern North Atlantic. Rit. Fiskideildar 11:24-41

Hammond, PS., Benke, H., Berggren, P., Borchers, DL., Buckland, ST., Colet, A.., Heide-Jorgensen, MP., Heimlich-Boran, S., Hiby, AR., Leopold, MK and Oien, N 1995. Distribution and abundance of the Harbour porpoise and other small cetaceans in the North Sea and adjacent waters. LIFE 92-2/UK/027. Final Report. October 1995.

Hansbrough, JF, Zapata-Sirvent,R., Dominic, W., Sullivan, J., Boswick, J. and Wang, X-W1985. Hydrocarbon contact injuries. J. Trauma 25(3):250-252.

Hansen, DJ. 1985. The potential effects of oil spills and other chemical pollutants on marine mammals occurring in Alaskan waters. Rep. MMS 85-0031. US Dept Interior, Anchorage.

Haug, T., Gulliksen, B. and Christensen, I. 1981. Observations of the common dolphin Delphinus delphis L. in North Norway. Fauna 34:97-100 (in Norwegian).

Hjort, J. 1902. Fskeri og Hvalfangst i det nordlige Norge. Areber, vedk. Norges Fisk., 1902(1):1-243.

Holt, SJ. 1977 Does the bottlenose whale have a sustainable yield and if so is it worth taking? Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. 27:206-208.

Howarth, RW. 1989. Determining the ecological effects of oil pollution in marine ecosystems. Pg 69-97, In: Ecotoxicology: Problems and Approaches. Ed. Levin, SA., Harwell. MA, Kelly. JR and Kimball, KD Springer-Verlag.

Ingebritsen, A. 1929. Whales caught in the North Atlantic and other seas. Rapport Proces-Verbaux Reunions du Conseil International pour l'exploration de la Mer 56:1-26.

IWC 1986. Report of the Scientific Committee. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. 36:51.

IWC 1989 Report of the sub-committee on small cetaceans. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn 39:117-129.

IWC 1990. Report of the sub-committee on small cetaceans. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. 40:144-157.

IWC 1991. Report of the subcommittee on Northern Hemisphere minke whales. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. 41.

IWC 1991b. Report of the Scientific Committee. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. 41:51-219.

IWC 1992. Report of comprehensive assessment special meeting on North Atlantic fin whales. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. 42.

Jonsgard, A 1955. The stocks of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) in the northern Atlantic Ocean and adjacent Arctic waters. Norsk Hvalfangstttid. 44(9):297-311.

Jonsgard, A 1966 The distribution of Balaenopteridae in the North Atlantic Ocean. In: Whales, dolphins and porpoises. pp. 114-124. Ed. KS. Norris. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley and LA.

Jonsgard, A 1977. Tables showing the catch of small whales (including minke whales) caught by Norwegians in the period 1938-75, and large whales caught in different North Atlantic waters in the period 1868-1975. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. 27:413-426.

Kellogg, R. 1929. What is known of the migrations of some whale bone whales. Rep. Smithsonian Inst. 1928:467-494.

Ketten, DR. 1993. Blast injury in humpback whale ears: Evidence and Implications. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 94(3):1849

Ketten, DR. Estimates of blast injury and acoustic trauma zones for marine mammals from underwater explosions. In: Kastelein, RA, Thomas, JA and Nachtigall, PE (eds) Sensory systems of aquatic mammals. De Spil Publ, Woerden, Netherlands (in press, cited in Richardson et al. 1995.)

Ketten,DR., Lien, J., and Todd., S. 1993. Blast injury in humpback whale ears: evidence and implications. J. Acoust. Soc Amer. 94(3):1849-1850

Kitchener, AC., and Herman, JS. 1995. Reidentfication of the supposed True's beaked whale Mesoplodon mirus from Scotland. J. Zool. 236(2):353-357.

Klinowska, M 1991. Dolphins, whales and porpoises of the world. The IUCN Red Data Book. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge. 429pp.

Larsen, F, Martin, AR., and Nielsen, PB 1989. North Atlantic sightings survey 1987: Report of the West Greenland aerial survey. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn 39:443-46.

Law, RJ., Stringer, RL., Allchin, CR., and Jones, BR. 1996. Metals and organochlorines in Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) stranded around the North Sea during the 1994-1995 winter. Marine Pollution Bulletin 32(1):72-77.

Lens, S., Quiroga, H., and Gil de Sola, L. 1989 Report of the cruise undertaken by Spain as part of the North Atlantic sightings survey, 1987. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. 39:423-6.

Lien, J., Todd, S., Stevick, P., Marques, F. 1993. The reaction of humpback whales to underwater explosions: Orientation, movements and behavior. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 94(3):1849.

Lien, J, Taylor, DG and Boggaard, D. 1995. Management of underwater explosions in areas of high whale abundance. Marienv 1995. Proc. Int. Conf. Technol. Marine Env. Preservation. Vol. 2:627-532.

McBrearty, DA., Message, MA. and King 1986. Observations on small cetaceans in the north-east Atlantic ocean and Mediterranean Sea: 1978-1982. In: Research on Dolphins. pp225-59. Eds. Bryden, MM and Harrison, RJ.

Martin, AR 1980. A examination of sperm whale age and length data from the 1949-78 Icelandic catch. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. 30:227-231.

Martin, A 1990 (ed). Whales, dolphins and porpoises. Salamander Press, London.

Mate, BR., Stafford, KM., and Ljungblad, DK 1994. Change in sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) distribution correlated to seismic surveys in the Gulf of Mexico. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96:3268-3269.

Maxwell, G. 1952. Harpoon at a Venture.

Maybaum, H. 1993. Responses of humpback whales to sonar sounds. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 94(3):1848.

Mayer, S., Arnold, H., and Ottoway, A. 1993. Findings from cetacean surveys off the west coast of Scotland, 1992. Proceedings of the European Cetacean Society. No 7.

Mitchell, E and Reeves, R. 1983. Catch History, abundance and present status of northwest Atlantic humpback whales. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. Special issue 5 :153-212.

Munk, WH., Spindel, R.C., Baggeroer, A. and Birdsall, T.G. 1994. The Heard Island Feasibility Test. J. Acoustic. Soc. Am. 96(4):2330-2342.

Myrick, AC., Cassano, ER. and Oliver, CW. 1990. Potential for physical injury, other than hearing damage, to dolphins from seal bombs used in the yellowfin tuna purse seine fishery: Results from open water tests. Admin. Rep. LJ-90-08, US NMFS, CA.

NAS 1985. Oil in the Sea: Inputs, fates and effects. National Academy press, Washington DC.

Neff, JM. 1979. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment. Sources, fates and the biological effects. Applied Science, London.

Neff, JM. 1990. Composition and Fate of Petroleum and spill-treating agents in the marine environment. Chap 1. In: Sea Mammals and Oil: Confronting the Risks. Ed. Geraci, JR and St. Aubin, D. Academic Press. 261pp.

Nishiwaki, M and Sasao, A 1977. Human activities disturbing natural migration routes of whales. Sci. Rep Whales. Res. Inst. 29:113-120.

Northridge, SP, Tasker, ML., Webb, A. and Williams, JM. 1995. Distribution and relative abundance of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena L.), white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris Gray) and minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacepede) around the British Isles. ICES Journal of Marine Science 52:55-66.

Northridge, S., Tasker, M., and Webb, A (unpublished). White-beaked Lagenorhrynchus albirostris and Atlantic white-sided dolphin L. acutus distribution in northwest European and US North Atlantic waters. Paper presented to IWC Scientific Committee, 1996 SC/48/SM44

Oien, N (unpublished) Lagenorhynchus species in Norwegian waters as revealed from incidental observations and recent sighting surveys. Paper presented to IWC Scientific Committee, 1996 SC/48/SM15.

Oien, N. 1991. North Atlantic survey sightings surveys. What do they tell about the large whales? In Proceedings of the 5th European Cetacean Society Conference, pg 12-14

Oien, N 1989. Sighting estimates of northeast Atlantic minke whale abundance from the Norwegian shipboard surveys in July 1987. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. 39:417-421.

Oien, N. 1991. Abundance of the northeastern Atlantic stock of minke whales based on shipboard surveys conducted in July 1989. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn, 41:433-437

Oien 1988. The distribution of killer whales in the North Atlantic, based on Norwegian catches 1938-1981 and incidental sightings 1967-1987. Rit. Fiskideildar 11:65-78

Oien, N. 1990. Sightings surveys in the Northeast Atlantic in July 1988: Distribution and Abundance of Cetaceans. Rep. int. Whal. Commn. 40:499-511.

Olafsson, A. 1990. Faroese whale and whaling policy. North Atlantic Stud. 2(1-2): 130-137.

Oritsland, T., Oien, N., Calambokidis, J., Christensen, I., Cubbage, JC., Hartvedt, S., Jensen, PM., Joyce, GG, Tellnes, K., Troutman, BL. 1989. Norwegian whale surveys in the North Atlantic, 1987. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn 39:411-415.

Payne, R and Webb, D. 1971. Orientation by means of long range acoustic signalling in baleen whales. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 188:110-141.

Reeves, R. 1992. Whale responses to anthropogenic sounds: a literature review. Dept. Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.

Richardson, WJ. 1985. (ed). Behavior, disturbance responses and distribution of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) in the eastern Beaufort Sea, 1980-84. OCS MMS 85-0034. Report from LGL Inc Bryan for US MMS. NTIS PB124376.

Richardson, WJ., Greene, CR., Malme, CI., Thomson, DH., Moore, SE. and Wursig, B. 1991. Effects of noise on marine mammals. Prep. by LGL Inc. for MMS. NTIS PB91-168914.

Richardson, WJ., Greene, CR, Malme, CI., Thomson, DH. 1995 Marine Mammals and Noise. Academic Press Inc. London. 547pp.

Richie, J. 1927. A remarkable whale invasion. The Scottish Naturalist. No. 168.

Rorvik, CJ., and Jonsgard, A. 1975. Review of Balaenopterids in the North Atlantic Ocean. Advisory Committee on Marine Resources Research, FAO, ACMRR/MM/EC/13. Dec. 1975.

Sanpera, C. and Jover, L. 1989. Density estimates of fin whales in the North Atlantic from NASS-87 Spanish cruise data. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. 39:427-429

Schweder, T., Skaug, HJ., Dimakos, XK., Langaas, M., Oien, N. (unpublished). Abundance of northeast Atlantic minke whales, estimates for 1989 and 1995. Paper present to the IWC scientific committee, 1996. SC/48/NA1

Schweder, T., Oien, N. and Host.G. 1993. Estimate of abundance of NE Atlantic minke whales in 1989. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. 43:323-331

Seyle, H. 1973. The evolution of the stress concept. Am. Sci. 61:692-699.

Sheldrick, MC 1976. Trends in the strandings of Cetaceans on the British Coasts 1913-72. Mammal Review 6(1):15-23.

Sheldrick, M 1989 Stranded whale records for the entire British coastline, 1967-1986. Investigations on Cetacean XXII:298-329.

Sheldrick, MC., George, JD., Chimonides, PJ and Phillips, S. 1991. An analysis of cetacean strandings around the British Isles between 1967 and 1990. A report for the UK Dept. of the Environment, London, 174pp.

Sigurjonsson, J and Gunnlaugsson, Th. 1990. Recent trends in abundance of blue (Balaenoptera musculus) and humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) off west and southwest Iceland, with a note on occurrence of other cetacean species. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. 40:537-551.

Sigurjonsson, J., Gunnlaugsson, Th. and Payne, M 1989. NASS-87: Shipboard sightings surveys in Icelandic and adjacent waters June-July 1987. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. 39:395-409

Sigurjonsson, J., Gunnlaugsson, Th., Ensor, P., Newcomer, M., Vikingsson, G. 1991. North Atlantic sighting survey 1989 (NASS-89): Shipboard surveys in Icelandic and adjacent waters July-August 1989. Rep int. Whal. Commn. 41:559-572.

Simmonds, M and Hutchinson, J 1993. A review of the international legislation within Europe which relates to marine mammals and their habitats. Prepared for The International Wildlife Coalition.

Smeenk, C. and Addink, MJ. 1993. Sightings of a group of sperm whales in Dutch waters, with historical notes and the possible Orkney Connection. Lutra 36:25-29

Stephenson, W 1951. The Lesser Rorqual in British Waters. Rep. Dove. Mar. Lab. 1951:7-48.

Stronarch, A. 1993. Observations in Cardigan Bay on the effects of seismic surveys on seabirds and cetaceans, 28 Oct-11 Nov. A Report for ARCO British Ltd. Seabirds at Sea Team, JNCC.

Taylor, W. 1900. Notes on the Marine mammals of the North-east of Scotland. Annals of Scottish Natural History No. 34:34.

Thompson,PM 1992. The conservation of marine mammals in Scottish waters. Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh. 100b:123-140.

Thompson, D'A. W. 1928. On Whales Landed at the Scottish Whaling Stations during the Years 1908-1914 and 1920-1927. Scientific Investigation Fishery Board for Scotland No. III. 38pp.

Todd, S. Stevick, P., Lien, J. Marques, F and Ketten, D. in press. Behavioural effects of exposure to underwater explosions in humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). Can. J. Zool.

Tomilin, AG. 1967. Cetacea. Mammals of the USSR and adjacent countries. Vol. 9. Israel Prog. for Sci. Transl.

Turnpenny, AWH. and Nedwell, JR. 1994. The effects on marine fish, diving mammals and birds of underwater sound generated by seismic surveys. Consultancy Report. Fawley Aquatic Research Laboratories Ltd.

Wang, CC. and Irons, GU 1961. Acute gasoline intoxication. Arch. Environ. Health 2:714-716.

Watkins, WA, Moore, KE, Tyack, P 1985. Sperm whale acoustic behaviors in the southeast Caribbean. Cetology 49:1:15.

Watkins, W.A., Dahler, MA. Fristrup, KM, Howald, TJ., and Notarbartolo di Sciara, G. 1993. Sperm whales tagged with transponders and tracked underwater by sonar. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 9(1):55-67.

Wilson, D.B. 1995. The ecology of bottlenose dolphins in the Moray Firth Scotland: a population at the northern extreme of the species range. PhD Thesis. University of Aberdeen

Winn, HE. and Reichley, NE. 1985. Humpback whale. Chapter 9. In Handbook of Marine Mammals. Vol. 3. p241. Ed. Ridgeway, S and Harrison, R. Academic Press.

Whitehead, H., Christal, J., and Dufault, S (unpublished) Decline in Galapagos sperm whale population: Lingering effects of past and distance whaling? Paper presented the IWC Scientific Committee, 1996 SC/48/O29.

Wursig, B 1990. Cetaceans and Oil: Ecologic Perspectives. Chap. 5 In: Sea Mammals and Oil: Confronting the Risks. Ed. Geraci, JR and St. Aubin, D. Academic Press.

Yelverton, JT., Richmond, DR., Fletcher, ER and Jones, RK 1973. Safe distances from underwater explosions for mammals and birds. Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research.

Zieserl, E. 1979. Hygrocarbon ingestion and poisoning. Compr. Ther. 5/6:35-42