2.3. BP's Environmental Assessment (section 2.2.3 Cetaceans).

BP's voluntary Environmental Assessment identified seven species of cetacean 'likely' to occur in the vicinity of Block 204/24. These were:

'at least two large baleen whale species, the fin whale and humpback whale, as well as several smaller toothed whales, including the long-finned pilot whale, killer whale, white-beaked dolphin, Atlantic white-sided dolphin and common dolphin'.

The JNCC's European Seabirds at Sea database contains 3,000 records of ten different species recorded in the area during the last 16 years (Bloor et. al. 1996). These include minke whale, fin whale, sperm whale, harbour porpoise, bottlenose dolphin, Atlantic white-sided dolphin, white-beaked dolphin, killer whale, long-finned pilot whale and Risso's dolphin.

BP's list has several important omissions. There are at least five additional species which are highly likely to be encountered, including the minke whale, sperm whale, northern bottlenose whale, Risso's dolphin, and harbour porpoise. There is a second group of species, which, although not as common as those listed above, might also be expected, including the sei whale, striped dolphin, Cuvier's and Sowerby's beaked whales. Further, although rare in British waters, the northern right whale and blue whale have been recorded from the region in the past. The false killer whale and possibly bottlenose dolphin may be seen, and occasional and unusual visitors to these waters may also include narwhal and beluga whale. See also table 1.

Table 1. Seasonal Occurrence and Status of Cetaceans in waters west of UK and possibly Block 204/24.

Species Seasonal Occurence Status Iucn Status Documented Recent Sightings
Fin whale * Most sightings June-Dec. Some present year round? Mainly deep water. Sightings appear quite common Vulnerable Gunnlaugsson and Sigurjonsson (1990) Mayer et. al. (1993) Buckland et. al. (1992). Bloor et. al. (1996)
Humpback whale * Most sightings April-Sept. Some winter records Rare. Mainly deep water. Sightings seem to be increasing in recent years Vulnerable Evans (1995) Sigurjonsson et. al. (1989). Christensen et. al. (1992)
Long-finned pilot whale * Year round (possible peak Aug.-Oct.) Common. Wide distribution offshore from continental shelf. Sightings increasing since 1970's Insufficiently known Mayer et. al. (1993) Buckland et. al. (1993) (Sigurjonsson et. al. (1991). Hammond et. al. (1995). Bloor et. al. (1996)
Killer whale * Year round Widespread between Scotland and Faroes. Fairly common Insufficiently known Evans (1988). Bloch and Lockyer (1988) Gunnlaugsson and Sigurjonsson (1990) Sigurjonsson et. al. (1991). Hammond et. al. (1995). Bloor et. al. (1996)
White-beaked dolphin * Year round, peak in summer Common around Hebrides, Shetland and Orkney. Less pelagic than white-sided Insufficiently known Evans (1995) Evans et. al. (1993) Northridge et. al. (1995) Hammond et. al. (1995) Mayer et. al. (1993). Bloor et. al.(1996)
Atlantic white-sided dolphin * Year round, peak in summer. May move offshore in winter Common around Hebrides, Shetland and Orkney. Mainly pelagic Insufficiently known Evans (1995) Hammond et. al. (1995). Bloor et. al. (1996)
Common dolphin * Year round, peak in summer Common. Increasing off western Scotland and northern North Sea Insufficiently known Hammond et. al. (1995). Evans et. al. (1993). Mayer et. al. (1993)
Northern right whale + Summer Very rare. Very occasional sightings - off Hebrides, and Ireland Endangered Evans (1981)
Minke whale ** All year, probably peak in summer Quite common. Widely distributed around Scotland, particularly in west and north Insufficiently known Evans (1995) Evans et. al. (1993) Northridge et. al. (1995) Gunnlaugsson and Sigurjonsson (1990) Oien (1991) Hammond et. al. (1995). Bloor et. al. (1996)
Sperm whale ** All year (peaks July-Nov.) Rare, but sightings/strandings increasing? Distributed in deep water along Atlantic coast, particularly west and north Scotland Insufficiently known Gunnlaugsson and Sigurjonsson (1990) Sigurjonsson et. al. (1989). Sigurjonsson et. al. (1991). Bloor et. al. (1996)
Harbour porpoise ** All year Common, wide distribution, coastal and offshore. Concentrations around Hebrides and Northern Isles Insufficiently known Northridge et. al. (1995) Evans et. al. (1993) Bjorge and Oien (1990) Mayer et. al. (1993) Hammond et. al. (1995). Bloor et. al. (1996)
Striped dolphin § July-Dec Rare, but increasing off western Scotland? Insufficiently known Bloch et. al. 1996 (strandings)
Sei whale + June-Dec. (possibly some year round) Rare. Occasional sightings off continental shelf edge west of Scotland and Ireland Vulnerable Evans (1992) Cattanach et. al. (1993)
Risso's dolphin ** All year, peaks May-Sept Fairly common and widely distributed in coastal and offshore waters Insufficiently known Evans et. al. (1993) Evans (1995) Hammond et. al. (1995) Mayer et. al. (1993) Gill and Atkinson (1996). Bloor et. al. (1996)
Bottlenose dolphin #167; All year Locally common but rare in Shetland and Orkney Insufficiently known Bloor et. al. (1996)
Blue whale + Summer Very rare. Occasional sightings in deep water west of Scotland/Ireland Endangered Evans (1992) (sighting from 1977)
Northern Bottlenose whale ** All year, peak in summer Fairly common ? Deep water distribution north and west of Scotland Insufficiently known Gunnlaugsson and Sigurjonsson (1990)
Sowerby's beaked whale § All year? Rare. Deep water species. Distribution may centre off Ireland Insufficiently known Evans (1980)
Cuvier's beaked whale § All year? Rare. Deep water species. Distributed west of Ireland and Scotland Insufficiently known Evans (1992)
False killer whale § ? Very Rare Insufficiently known Evans (1992)
Beluga § June-Nov Very Rare Insufficiently known Shetland Times, 13th September 1996
Narwhal ˜ ? Arctic vagrant. Not sighted since 1949 Insufficiently known
IUCN Red Data Book Status Categories.
Endangered: taxa in danger of extinction and whose survival is unlikely if causal factors continue operating. Included are taxa whose numbers have been reduced to a critical level or whose habitats have been so drastically reduced that they are deemed to be in immediate danger of extinction.
Vulnerable: taxa believed likely to move into the Endangered category in the near future if causal factors continue operating. Included are taxa of which most or all of the populations are decreasing because of over-exploitation, extensive destruction of habitat or other environmental disturbance.
Insufficiently known: Taxa known to be Endangered, Vulnerable or Rare, but where there is not enough information to say which of the three categories is appropriate
* Species identified as likely in vicinity of Block 204 by BP Environmental Assessment.
** Species omitted by BP assessment but considered likely in the area.
+ Highly vulnerable or endangered species which were common in British and Irish waters prior to over-exploitation and which may occasionally be seen in traditional habitat/migration routes west of Britain, and Ireland.
@ Species detected acoustically in Atlantic Frontier waters during 1996.
§ Species which are rare in these waters but have been recorded in the past.
˜ Very unusual visitor